“Environmental Science” provides multi-disciplinary understanding of ecological balances, natural resources, environmental degradation, and conservation strategies. The syllabus covers natural resources (forest, water, mineral, food, energy, and land resources), ecosystem structure and function (energy flow, food chains, trophic pyramids), biodiversity conservation (hotspots, threats, in-situ and ex-situ conservation), pollution dynamics (air, water, soil, noise, and marine pollution causes and remediation), solid waste management, global climate change and greenhouse effect, disaster management, and environmental protection legislation.
Topics Covered
- Scope and Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies
- Natural Resources – Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources (Land, Forest, Water, Energy)
- Forest Resources – Deforestation Causes, Timber Extraction, and Tribal Welfare
- Water Resources – Over-Utilization, Droughts, Floods, and Inter-State Water Disputes
- Mineral and Energy Resources – Conventional Energy Sources and Renewable Alternatives
- Ecosystems – Concept, Structural Components (Biotic and Abiotic), and Functional Attributes
- Energy Flow in Ecosystems – Food Chains, Food Webs, and Ecological Pyramids
- Biodiversity – Genetic, Species, and Ecosystem Diversity
- Biogeographical Classification of India and Mega-Diversity Status
- Threats to Biodiversity – Habitat Loss, Poaching, Invasive Alien Species, and Human-Wildlife Conflict
- Conservation of Biodiversity – In-situ (Sanctuaries, National Parks) and Ex-situ (Gene Banks)
- Environmental Pollution – Air Pollution Sources, Greenhouse Gases, Acid Rain, and Air Pollution Control
- Water Pollution – Sources, Eutrophication, Heavy Metals, and Wastewater Treatment
- Soil Pollution – Agrochemical Residues, Industrial Contaminants, and Soil Remediation
- Noise, Marine, and Thermal Pollution – Health Impacts and Prevention Measures
- Solid Waste Management – Agricultural Residue Recycling, Composting, and Urban Waste
- Climate Change, Global Warming, Ozone Layer Depletion, and Kyoto / Paris Protocols
- Disaster Management – Preparedness and Mitigation for Floods, Droughts, and Cyclones
- Environmental Protection Act 1986, Air Act 1981, and Water Act 1974
- Wildlife Protection Act and Forest Conservation Act in India
- Human Population Growth, Environmental Health, and Sustainable Development
File Details
| Title | Environmental Science |
| File Name | ENVS302 – Environmental Science.pdf |
| File Type | PDF Document (.pdf) |
| File Size | 6.66 MB |
| Total Pages | 266 Pages |